Disaster Preparedness for Poultry Farmers

Due to global climate change, various man-made factors are causing rapid changes in weather patterns, such as an increase in solar intensity, heavy rainfall, and long-term climate shifts. Excessive greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbon emissions are the primary contributors to environmental warming, which in turn is driving climate change.

The weather in September and October can be particularly challenging for poultry farmers in our sub continent. Rain, humidity, and temperature fluctuations during this period can negatively affect poultry health. To ensure the health of layers and broilers and to maintain production levels, the following measures should be considered:

1. Temperature and Humidity Control:

• Temperature: When temperatures reach 37-40°C, egg and meat production can decrease due to heat stress. Therefore, the optimal temperature in poultry houses should be maintained between 20-30°C. Environmental control systems like fans, coolers, and heaters can be used to regulate temperature.
• Humidity: High humidity can promote the growth of fungi and bacteria, which can lead to poultry diseases. Ensuring proper ventilation and keeping the poultry house dry are essential to avoid the buildup of moisture that could lead to reduced egg and meat production or even death.

2. Disease Prevention and Vaccination:

• Vaccination and Medication: During this period, the risk of disease increases. Regular blood tests, vaccinations, and proper medication should be administered. Antibiotic sensitivity tests should also be conducted.
• Health Monitoring: The farm manager should regularly monitor the health of the poultry and take immediate action if any signs of illness are observed.

3. Ensuring Proper Nutrition:

• High-Quality Feed: High temperatures and humidity can degrade the quality of poultry feed, leading to aflatoxin contamination and food poisoning. This can result in deficiencies of protein, vitamins, and minerals. Therefore, the poultry diet should be adjusted to maintain a balanced intake of nutrients.
• Sufficient Water: Fresh, cool water should always be available for the birds. In hot weather, poultry tends to drink more water, so a continuous supply of water is crucial.
• Electrolyte Supplementation: Electrolytes like potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium should be added to water to help maintain the body’s balance and reduce heat stress.

4. Proper Ventilation and Cleanliness:

• Ventilation: Climate change has become a silent threat to the poultry industry. Excessive heat and humidity are causing widespread heat strokes and deaths in poultry farms. It’s crucial to maintain good airflow in poultry houses to reduce heat and keep the environment cool and dry.
• Cleanliness: Regular cleaning of the poultry house and surroundings is essential, particularly to prevent waterlogging and accumulation of dirt, which can lead to diseases.

5. Reducing Stress:

• Stress Management: Poultry may experience heat stress due to intense heat and humidity, which can negatively affect their health and production. Proper management practices like controlling light, reducing noise, and ensuring adequate ventilation can help alleviate stress.
• Misting System: Installing a misting system can reduce the temperature inside the poultry house and maintain humidity levels.

6. Adequate Space:

• Sufficient Space: Ensure that the poultry has enough space to move around and avoid overcrowding, which can lead to heat buildup and increase stress.

7. Timely Services:

• Feeding During Cooler Hours: Poultry should be fed during cooler times of the day, such as early morning or evening, to encourage eating and prevent heat stress.

8. Behavioral Monitoring:

• Monitor Poultry Behavior: Keep an eye on any abnormal behavior or signs of respiratory issues, as well as problems with egg production, and take immediate action if necessary.

Conclusion:

By implementing these measures, including ensuring a cool environment, providing proper nutrition, and supplying enough cool water, poultry farmers can help their birds cope with the heat stress and maintain good production levels.

Kh.Shamsul Alam
Agriculturest
Woner of Poultry Disease Diagnostic Lab.
+880 171233 89 43